Somalia is considered by some as a 'failed state'. Its territory is split between different autonomous states and rebel groups that challenge the central government's power. Mogadishu (the capital) is controled by the central government which administrates the city with the help of the UN and the African Union. These organisations have sent the AMISOM mission to try and re-establih peace in the country. A large number of Somalian regions have proclaimed themselves independent (Khatumo, Hirashabelle, Azania...), but have very little authority on their claimed territory and are under the influence of the Shabaabs. These jihadist groups, which have sworn alligeance to the terrorist group al-Qaida, control most territories south of Galmudug (see map). Their main objective is to try and take control of Mogadishu.
In fact, Amisom's main objective is to stop al-Shabaab's growing influence, and protect Mogadishu's interests. But to the north, republics have achieved great autonomy. Puntland and Galmudug, for example, are no longer dependent on the central government (Mogadishu) but do not proclaim themselves independent and consider themselves Federal States of a unified Somalia. They are at the mercy of al-Shabaab, which lays claim to many attacks in Puntland and Galmudug. But further north, Somaliland proclaimed complete independence from Somalia in 1991. It is, on the map above, classified as a 'secessionist state', which sums up its status quite well. However, to complicate things, there are secessionist states inside the secessionist state! Indeed, Awdal, Khatumo, and many other 'states' do not want to be part of Somaliland, and declare themselves independent or part of 'Federal Somalia'. Recently (2021), the Shebabs have been taking back control of territories such as Azania, and are pushing back Amisom to the Kenyan border.